Basic principle of cleaning and maintenance of thrust angular contact ball bearings

This part of the process is the main process of the thrust angular contact ball bearing repair process, and is the main sign that the repair industry is different from the locomotive manufacturing industry. Whether the bearing entering the repair process can continue to be used, how to meet the requirements of use, will be the central issue to be solved in this part of the process.
1. Before cleaning, first check the condition of the oil retaining pot to determine and judge the effectiveness of the current fueling and refueling system. Secondly, check the physical and chemical state of the oil and fat, to see if there are thousands, hard, agglomerated, oil, thin, discolored and other deterioration conditions, to determine and judge the rationality of the oil aging replacement cycle, adjust the oil change cycle and oil replenishment system.
2. Bearing cleaning is a necessary part to restore the cleanliness of the thrust angular contact ball bearings and to carry out inspection and measurement of the bearing parts. Before cleaning, try to wipe off the old dirty grease. During the operation, be careful not to rotate the bearing at will, so as to avoid the intrusion of impurities in the process of disintegration and the rolling work surface; when handling the bearing, gently handle it to prevent bruises.
Adhere to the principle of combining use and maintenance, the operator can do three good things in the daily maintenance of the bearing (good management, good use, good maintenance), four sessions (will use, will maintain, will check, will eliminate the fault), three understand ( Understand construction, understand principles, understand performance). All kinds of bearing operators (drivers) must be trained to meet the technical level of the thrust angular contact ball bearing operation, and should meet the requirements. After passing the examination, the operation permit can be obtained.
Strict implementation of routine maintenance (maintenance) and regular maintenance (maintenance) systems. Daily maintenance: The operator carries out routine maintenance according to the routine, including the pre-class inspection; in the class, check whether the thrust angular contact ball bearing is running normally; after the shift, clean and maintain, find hidden dangers, and eliminate them in time.
Adhering to the principle of reasonable planning and scientific maintenance, the maintenance focus of thrust angular contact ball bearings is reflected in improving the quality of maintenance work, reducing downtime and improving bearing operation rate. To do this, we must do reasonable planning, preventive planning and overhaul, and pay attention to the use of scientific maintenance methods to maximize efficiency.

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IA ball screw bearing use damage countermeasures

INA bearing structure design is fair and has the ability to improve the predecessor, will have a longer ball screw bearing life. Bearings are manufactured through multiple processing steps such as casting, heat treatment, turning, grinding and assembly. The fairness of each processing technology, the improvement of predecessors, and the inconsistency will also affect the life of the bearing. The heat treatment and grinding processes that affect the quality of the finished bearing often have a more direct relationship with the failure of the bearing. In recent years, research on the metamorphic layer of bearing working surface shows that the relationship between grinding process and bearing surface quality is closely related.
The metallurgical quality of INA bearing materials was once the main factor affecting the early failure of dynamic ball bearings. With the improvement of metallurgical technology (such as vacuum degassing of bearing steel), the quality of raw materials is improved. The proportion of raw material quality factors in bearing failure analysis has dropped significantly, but it is still one of the main factors affecting bearing failure. The proper selection of materials is still a factor that must be considered in bearing failure analysis.
The main task of INA bearing failure analysis is to find out the main factors causing bearing failure based on a large number of background materials, analysis data and failure modes, so as to propose improvement measures in a targeted manner, prolong the service life of bearings and avoid sudden occurrence of bearings. Early failure of sex.
1, bearing maintenance, overhaul, and abnormal handling
   In order to maintain the original performance of the ball screw bearing in a good condition for as long as possible, it is necessary to maintain, repair, and prevent accidents, ensure the reliability of operation, and improve productivity and economy. Maintenance is best carried out on a regular basis in accordance with the operating standards for the mechanical operating conditions. The contents include monitoring of operating conditions, replenishment or replacement of lubricants, and inspections for periodic disassembly.
   As a maintenance item during operation, there are INA bearing rotation sound, vibration, temperature, lubricant status, and so on.
2, bearing damage and countermeasures
   In general, if the INA bearing is used correctly, it can be used until the fatigue life is reached. However, there will be accidents that are prematurely damaged and are not resistant to use. This early damage, as opposed to fatigue life, limits the quality of what is known as a fault or accident. Many of them are caused by inadvertent installation, use, and lubrication, and foreign objects intruding from the outside are insufficiently studied for the thermal effects of the shaft and the outer casing.
   Regarding the damage state of the bearing, for example, the jam of the ferrule of the roller bearing, as a cause, the lubricant is insufficient, unsuitable, the defect of the oil supply structure, the intrusion of foreign matter, the mounting error of the ball screw bearing, the shaft If the deflection is too large, there will be coincidences of these reasons.
   Therefore, it is difficult to know the true cause of the damage by only investigating the bearing damage. However, if you know the mechanical use of the bearing, the conditions of use, the structure around the INA bearing, and the situation before and after the accident, combined with the damage state of the ball screw bearing and several reasons, it can prevent similar accidents from happening again.

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INA powder metallurgy bearing motion track regular inspection method

The rolling surface of the bearing, the inner ring and the outer ring, because the moving body is in contact with the moving body, the running track is a dark surface, and the running track attached to the rolling surface is not an abnormality, so that the load premise can be known. Therefore, in the case of removing the powder metallurgy bearing, please pay attention to and observe the running track of the raceway surface. If you carefully observe the trajectory, you will know that you only bear radial loads, withstand large axial loads, withstand moment loads, or have extreme rigidity in the bearing housing.
It can be said that these reasons overlap with each other. Therefore, in order to fully understand the machine used in the INA bearing, the premise, the structure of the bearing periphery, if the situation before and after the accident can be clarified, combined with the damage of the powder metallurgy bearing and various reasons, it can be Prevent the recurrence of similar accidents.
If there is no choice error and can be used accurately, it will take a long time before the bearing life, in which case the damage state is peeling. On the other hand, there are accidental early damages, and early damage that cannot be used, as the cause of the early damage, there are insufficient considerations for use and lubrication, and further foreign matter intrusion, bearing assembly error and shaft deflection are large. Research on shafts and bearing housings is not enough.
INA bearings show late failure characteristics to serious failures (generally bearing damage such as axles, burns, sand cracks, raceways, bead wear, etc.) are not more than one week, the larger the equipment capacity, the faster the speed. The shorter the interval. Therefore, in the actual fault diagnosis of powder metallurgy bearings, once the late fault characteristics are found, the bearing should be judged decisively and the maintenance should be arranged as soon as possible.
The causes of noise generated by rolling bearings are more complicated. One is the wear of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Due to this wear, the bearing and the housing, the bearing and the shaft are broken, resulting in the axis deviating from the correct position and generating an abnormal sound when the shaft is moving at a high speed. When the INA bearing is fatigued, the surface metal peeling off will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, insufficient bearing lubrication, dry friction, and bearing crushing can produce abnormal sounds. After the bearing wears loose, the cage is loose and damaged, and abnormal noise is also generated.
When the mechanism is running, the part where the bearing is installed is allowed to have a certain temperature. When the body of the mechanism is touched by hand, it should be normal to not feel hot, otherwise the bearing temperature is too high.
The reasons for the bearing temperature being too high are: the quality of the lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high; the assembly of the mechanism is too tight (the gap is insufficient); the assembly of the powder metallurgy bearing is too tight; the bearing race rotates on the shaft or inside the casing; Excessive load; INA bearing cage or rolling element fragmentation.
The vibration system consisting of steel, flexibility, mass, damping, etc., determined by the bearing structural design parameters, will produce vibrations that are compatible with its mechanics under operating conditions.

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Solve the essential noise problem of NSK bearings

Often affecting the noise of the entire machine, reducing the sound of the raceway can reduce the noise of the entire machine.
    Impact sound of rolling element and its control method When a larger type of ball NSK bearing or cylindrical roller bearing runs at low speed under pure radial load, the rolling element in the non-loading area will be impact-maintained due to the small centrifugal force of the rolling element. Noise caused by racks or raceways. But as the speed increases, the sound will disappear. The control methods for the impact sound of the rolling element are: appropriately reducing the radial clearance, and using the NSK bearing with a reasonable structure and a flexible material.
   The rolling noise of NSK bearing and its control method The rolling sound is the harsh metal friction sound of cylindrical roller bearing which can occur in all occasions. Most of them occur in the grease-lubricated NSK bearing, but the base oil performance deteriorates. Grease is more likely to occur and hardly occurs when oil is lubricated.
    In addition, it is more likely to occur in winter. When subjected to pure radial load, it is easy to occur in the case of large radial clearance, and it is easy to occur in a certain speed range depending on the size of the NSK bearing model. Continuous occurrences will occur intermittently. Special processing methods for the outer ring raceway can prevent the occurrence of rolling noise. If necessary, use this NSK bearing, or reduce the radial clearance of NSK bearings, use excellent grease and improve the matching with NSK bearings. The rigidity of the piece.

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Motor KOYO bearing cleaning process

The motor should normally be cleaned and refueled after 2000 hours of use. There are two cleaning methods for KOYO bearings:
1. Hot oil cleaning method Due to the long-term use, KOYO bearings hardened by soft dry oil or anti-rust paste should be immersed in hot oil of 100-200 °C, clamped KOYO bearing with pliers, and cleaned KOYO bearing with brush. Oil stains. The soft dry oil or rust-proof paste is melted when heated to 100-200 ° C, and is easily washed out from the gap of the KOYO bearing. Sometimes the KOYO bearing is shaken several times in the oil. Oil will also flow away from the gap.
When cleaning the centripetal spherical bearing of the old motor or the imported motor, the ball, the bead frame and the inner ring should be laterally turned out from the outer ring and then immersed in the hot oil. The short cylindrical roller bearing should also be rolled when cleaning. The bead frame, the inner ring and the outer ring are disengaged.
When hot oil is cleaned, the temperature of the oil should not exceed 20 °C. If you use an open flame to directly heat, you should take care to prevent the oil from burning. KOYO bearings should be hung in the oil pan, and the bottom will cause overheating and reduce the hardness.
Second, the general cleaning method put KOYO bearings in kerosene for 5-10 minutes, pinch the inner ring with one hand, and rotate the outer ring with the other hand, the dry oil or anti-rust cream on KOYO bearing will fall. Then put the KOYO bearing into the cleaner kerosene, brush it with a soft brush, wash the oil in the ball and the gap, then put it in the gasoline for 1 time, take it out and put it on a clean paper. When cleaning the radial spherical ball bearing and the short cylindrical roller bearing, the ball, the bead frame, the inner ring and the outer ring should be disconnected and cleaned.
The cleaning of KOYO bearings mounted on the shaft is mainly based on the method of spraying oil or spraying with oil guns. The oil that is easy to clean is first used with kerosene and then with gasoline; the oil that is difficult to clean is first washed with 100-200 °C hot oil. Wash or spray with oil and then wash with gasoline.
Be sure not to use a sharp tool to scrape the KOYO bearing: hard grease or rust, so as not to damage the smoothness of the KOYO bearing rolling element and groove ring. The cleaned KOYO bearing is wiped dry with a clean cloth.

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How to properly maintain SKF bearings

        1. Cleaning When removing the bearing, first take a look at the appearance with photography. Also, verify the amount of lubricant remaining and sample the lubricant before cleaning the bearings.

a. The cleaning of the bearing is carried out by rough washing and fine washing, and a metal mesh frame can be placed on the bottom of the used container.

b. When rough washing, remove the grease or adhesive with a brush or the like in the oil. At this time, if the bearing is rotated in the oil, be careful that the rolling surface will be damaged by foreign matter or the like.

c. When washing finely, slowly rotate the bearing in the oil and carry out it carefully. The cleaning agent generally used is a neutral non-aqueous diesel oil or kerosene, and a warm alkali liquid or the like is sometimes used as needed. Regardless of which cleaning agent is used, it is often filtered and kept clean. Immediately after cleaning, apply anti-rust oil or anti-rust grease to the bearing.

2, inspection and judgment

In order to judge whether the removed bearing can be reused, it is important to check its dimensional accuracy, rotation accuracy, internal clearance, mating surface, raceway surface, cage and seal. Regarding the inspection result, it can be judged by a person who is using a conventional bearing or a proficient bearing.

The criteria for judgment vary depending on mechanical properties and importance, inspection period, and the like. Bearings must not be reused if they are damaged and must be replaced.

1) Breakage and defects of bearing components.

2) Peeling of the rolling surface of the raceway surface.

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Detailed process roller bearings

1. cylindrical roller bearings in the course of the process
Forming rough deburring or annulus → → → Polishing Polishing raceway double end → solution → hot rolling surface → front coarse coarse coarse double surface → rear surface → rolling → final double-end fine grinding final rolling surface grinding → Super-finishing rolling surface → cleaning, boring → final inspection appearance, size grouping → oiling packaging.
2. Process history of tapered roller bearings
Blank forming → deburring or ring belt → soft grinding raceway surface → soft grinding double end face → heat solution → coarse grinding rolling surface → fine grinding rolling surface → grinding ball base surface → final grinding rolling surface → super finishing rolling surface → cleaning, boring → Final inspection appearance, size grouping → oiling packaging.
Can be made of two or more roller rolling surfaces crown-shaped generatrix, if the metric is less than convex 0.005mm, the individual can indirectly rolling surface super finishing step; if the metric is greater than the convex 0.005mm, the individual may be the last in the final rolling mill step grind surface convexity, then superfinished.
3. The needle craft course
Blank forming → deburring → heat solving → coarse, fine, final grinding rolling surface → super finishing rolling surface or sawdust polishing.
For the flat head and the cone needle roller, if the blank forming is difficult to guarantee the length dimension tolerance, the grinding double end process can be added in the grinding and rolling. If a convex shaped busbar rolling surface is required, it can be carried out indirectly in the superfinishing rolling surface or the calendering process.
4. Process history of asymmetric spherical roller
Blank forming → deburring or ring belt → soft grinding raceway surface → soft grinding double end face → heat solution → grinding aspheric end face → grinding ball end face → coarse, fine, final grinding rolling surface → polishing → cleaning, boring → final inspection appearance, size Group → oiled packaging.
The process of symmetrical spherical roller is:
Blank forming→deburring or ring belt→soft grinding raceway surface→soft grinding double end face→heat solution→rough grinding rolling surface→coarse, final grinding double end face→fine, final grinding rolling surface→polishing→cleaning, boring→final inspection appearance, Dimensions grouped → oiled packaging.
If the final rolling surface process can reach the surface roughness request, polishing may not be performed.

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